Is this vulnerability remotely exploitable over the network?

Yes, but only by authenticated users who can create or modify workflows. An attacker who can access the n8n UI or API with sufficient permissions can exploit the vulnerable Merge node configuration over the network.

What level of access does an attacker need to exploit this issue?

The attacker needs an account (or compromised API key) that has permission to create or edit workflows and configure the Merge node in "Combine by SQL" mode. No direct shell or filesystem access is required; the attack leverages the workflow itself.

What is the safest general fix pattern for similar bugs?

Avoid executing user-controlled strings in powerful interpreters or engines unless they are strictly sandboxed and limited to a safe subset of operations. Prefer allow-listed operations, constrained schemas, and declarative configuration over arbitrary code or SQL execution.

Severity:

HIGH RISK

(8.8)

SQL Sandbox Escape & Code Injection (CWE-94, CWE-89) in n8n Merge Node 'Combine by SQL' Mode

CVE-2026-33660

Published:

Mar 25, 2026

Status:

Analyzed

Summary

Affected Context

Exploit Preconditions

Why This Happens

Potential Impact

General Mitigation Guidance

How Teams Detect Issues Like This

Frequently Asked Questions

Source

NDV

Recent Vulnerabilities

CWE-77;CWE-78

HIGH RISK

HIGH

(7.3)

OS Command Injection (CWE-78) in Totolink A7100RU setGameSpeedCfg CGI Handler

Remote Code Execution on the Router

April 6, 2026

CWE-77;CWE-78

HIGH RISK

HIGH

(7.3)

OS Command Injection (CWE-78) in Totolink A7100RU setFirewallType Handler

Remote Code Execution on Router Firmware

April 6, 2026

Vulnerability Type

Category:

Code Injection via Inadequate SQL Sandbox

CWE:

CWE-94;CWE-89

Impact:

Authenticated Remote Code Execution and Local File Disclosure

Severity:

HIGH RISK

(8.8)

CVSS Version:

3.1

Vulnerability Type

Category:

Code Injection via Inadequate SQL Sandbox

CWE:

CWE-94;CWE-89

Impact:

Authenticated Remote Code Execution and Local File Disclosure

Severity:

HIGH RISK

(8.8)

CVSS Version:

3.1

Catch This CVE While Code Is Being Written

Detect vulnerable code directly in pull requests, so CVEs are fixed before merge.

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Ask AI for summary of CodeAnt

SQL Sandbox Escape & Code Injection (CWE-94, CWE-89) in n8n Merge Node 'Combine by SQL' Mode

Summary

Affected Context

Exploit Preconditions

Why This Happens

Potential Impact

General Mitigation Guidance

How Teams Detect Issues Like This

Frequently Asked Questions

Source

Recent Vulnerabilities

HIGH RISK

HIGH

(7.3)

OS Command Injection (CWE-78) in Totolink A7100RU setGameSpeedCfg CGI Handler

HIGH RISK

HIGH

(7.3)

OS Command Injection (CWE-78) in Totolink A7100RU setFirewallType Handler

Vulnerability Type

Vulnerability Type

Vulnerability Type

Catch This CVE While Code Is Being Written

Ship clean & secure code faster

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